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The Saint Petersburg Flood Prevention Facility Complex〔Before 2003 when construction resumed after a 15-year pause, the :dam was officially called the "Leningrad Flood Prevention Facility Complex"〕 (), unofficially the Saint Petersburg Dam, is a complex of dams for flood control near Saint Petersburg, Russia. The dam extends from Lomonosov northward to Kotlin Island (and the city of Kronstadt), then turns east toward Cape Lisiy Nos near Sestroretsk. The complex is intended to protect Saint Petersburg from storm surges by separating the Neva Bay from the rest of the Gulf of Finland. Historically, the storm surges from the gulf had caused over 300 floods in the city, several of which had a massive devastating effect. The dam has the capability to protect the city from water rising up to .〔 Its first use to hold back the incoming Baltic water into Neva bay took place 28 November 2011 and had resulted in decrease of water rise to 1.3 masl, that is below flood level equal to 1.6 masl,〔 (Мощнейший ураган и наводнение накрыли Петербург: вода угрожает городу (ВИДЕО) ), ''(Главред ), 28 November 2011''〕 which prevented the 309th flood in the history of the city and saved some 1.3 billion roubles of possible damages.〔(Дирекция КЗС: Дамба предотвратила ущерб в 1,3 млрд рублей ) 〕 The construction of the flood prevention complex started in 1978 and became one of the longest construction projects in Russia. After a protracted halt in the 1990s and early 2000s, construction was resumed in 2005 due to the intervention of Russia's President Vladimir Putin, a native of Saint Petersburg. Putin finally inaugurated the finished complex in 2011,〔(St. Petersburg gets protecting dam ) Voice of Russia〕〔(Saint Petersburg Dam ) official site 〕 when all the facilities at the southern part of the dam were completed, along with the long underwater roadway tunnel below the main southern lock, the longest undersea tunnel in Russia.〔(Ship opening S-1 ) at spb-projects.ru 〕 Over 30 water purification installations are placed around the dam, a part of a larger program to clean the water in the Neva Bay.〔 The dam tunnel is also the last completed part of the Saint Petersburg Ring Road. The northern and southern parts of the dam act like two giant bridges and provide an easy access from mainland to Kotlin Island and Kronstadt. ==Specifications== The dam spans the Gulf of Finland, with the island of Kotlin (Kronstadt) at its centre. It extends for and stands above sea level. It incorporates two large openings for shipping, which can be closed when floods threaten. Construction began in 1980 but stalled in the Russian political and economic upheavals of the 1990s; it resumed many years later and finally ended in 2011. The main benefit that most people cite is not flood control but rather improved traffic flow, as the dam completes the Saint Petersburg Ring Road. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saint Petersburg Dam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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